What were the effects of industrialization on religion?

That depends on what period of industrialization you speak about.

In early industrialization, a large number of people had to change their lifestyle from low-tech peasant, completely in touch with nature to factory worker. The factory workers were not better off than the peasants. In fact, they were the poorest and most miserable folks around. But with the factory-worker lifestyle the “extended family” structures split up. So people were actually under less social control and now had the freedom to refuse practicing religion and going to church without having to fear being ostracized by their village.

Later industrialization came along with Science, Enlightenment and often popular Education. Many countries introduced some form of compulsory school attendance when it became necessary that most working people could read signs and instructions.

Now some principles of science are completely contrary to religious beliefs. Science is like: It’s bad to believe anything that isn’t proven. And religion is like: I may tell totally illogical nonsense but you will get special awards in afterlife if you still believe what I say. The more absurd the thing that you manage to believe in is, the greater your award will be.

Science questions everything. Science will not take for granted that any dogma is true. Science questions your humbleness towards a God and all the “truths” that religious leaders tell. Yet science humbles humankind by saying that we are not the center of a deities attention, not the center of the universe, not the crown of creation. Which - I think - is a main reason for people to stick with religion.

Yet you can’t develop high tech things without science. I think that true religious believes will fade in the future. People will still stick to the rituals for a while. Simply because “it was always done that way”.

Science has been present for a dramatically longer time than what you think it has.

present timing