not really...
since it can have different etiological backgrounds... mostly genetic (hyper/hypothyroidism), cancer and congenital abnormalities....
although there is something thats shown up persistently, Iodine in worlds where iodine is scarce and not part of a diet the thyroid gland may become enlarged, a condition called endemic goiter. pregnant women lacking iodine intake can also give birth to children with congenital hypothyroidism and underdeveloped brain
Yes, healthy diet and exercise. Living unhealthily causes excess hormones in your body which results in thyroid problems because you "metabolism" has to work hard. Eating a mainly vegetarian diet with meat infrequently is an excellent way to prevent thyroid problems. Also exercise is essential. Genetics is unfortunately a term used too often for issues that there isn't a clear answer form. You can be in control of your own health.
thats something you really need to consult your doctor about so they can make a medical plan that suits your specific thyroid problem.
prevention is not the same as medication....