Yes. The only way to do it without damage is by actually learning how to breathe properly. Most professionals use the service of vocal coach if they want to last in the business. The best coach for metal and screamo bands is Melissa Cross. She wrote the book "The Zen of Screaming"
I believe those great singer like Mariah Carey, Cellin Dion, Whitney Huston do some hard singing practice before they reach their level. Under a professional trainer, I am sure yes you ca.
Like screamo, yeah you can but its going to take more then an overnight practice with videos. Ask around people who do it, watch videos, go to concerts and see how they perform etc.
Naahhh, not that kind of screaming, lol. That's just really really high pitched singing... Or whatever it is.
Is that Protest the Hero at the beginning of the video? Looks a lot like them...
Here is another video. Vocal chords look gross. lol!
Adam Lambert does it... I think you can :)