To classify organisms biologists divide up living organisms into groups, according to features which are thought to be of biological significance. For instance, animals and plants are often placed into different kingdoms. Each group can be repeatedly subdivided into smaller groups which differ in more minor ways, and these levels of subdivision have special descriptions and names. This gradually becomes more precise, as different organisms become excluded, so there are fewer and fewer organisms, sharing more and more important features, in each group. The final stage is called a species, which amounts to a unique description for an individual organism. So, im guessing they just looked at the characteristics of each organism and classified them and as they became used to it they just got faster and more precise about things. hope this helped! :)
mostly by the attributes of the organism, and what they had in common with other organisms.
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A Comprehensive Guide on Calibrating Oxygen Sensors