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They are. If you want to see proof of multi-mutation evolution, you just have to examine the evolution of HIV within a particular individual, which is observed over the course of about 10 years in the absense of anti-viral meds.
The reason the disease eventually takes over, is because it evolves to combat a particular person's immune system, requiring about a half dozen mutations. Each one of those mutations makes the virus only slightly more effective at reproduction within the given person's immune system. Anti-viral meds reduce the overall number of viruses within a person, reducing opportunities for beneficial (to the virus, not to the person) mutations, and thus slowing down the progression of HIV to AIDS.
This has been proven using DNA sequencing. This is not speculation.
they are.
its takes thousands and MILLIONS of years for something to eveolve
so long in fact, that you probably wont get to see anything evolve in your time
because it doesnt just happen in a ytear or something if thats what your thinking
...thousands and MILLIONS of years
thats how much time it takes for something to evolve and adapt to its changing enviroment
I don't believe the question is whether or not evolution can occur through natural selection, and variance as the driving force. Mutations occur quite frequently in a genome, and make this variance possible. My question is the mathematical probability of random mutaions in the genome of a single cell bacteria or organism occuring enough to leading to the complexity that we see today no matter how many billions of years, especially when dealing with certain cells which are specialized and some which are not. Also the mere thought of endosymbiosis occuring (an even greater random event) is baffling even to a biologists.
P.S. I am a biologists.
papajon: My question is the mathematical probability of random mutaions in the genome of a single cell bacteria or organism occuring enough to leading to the complexity that we see today no matter how many billions of years
What is the problem with that? Your statement no matter how many billions of years implies that you don't think small cumulative beneficial mutations can result in what we see today - not a mathematical argument based on probability, you seem to be claiming that it's not possible at all.
Why do you think this is so? Do you have any evidence to that effect?
babygirl8732: I hope you realise that the bible isn't really very convincing as evidence unless you already believe it. Not to mention, calling people shallow based on your belief is a bit, um - shallow?
Also, I'm sorry to inform you that reality contradicts your book. The earth isn't flat, and evolution does happen. We can _observe_ it happening. The only argument is as to the exact mechanisms, and if you want to deny evolution, you're going to have to explain how well-understood things like bacterial antibiotic resistance, viral mutations (such as in Flu and HIV virii) and subspecies adaptation - not to mention the fossil record.
You'll also find that a lot of other christians don't take your literal view of the bible. The catholic church, for example, has explicitly stated that evolution does not conflict with the catholic faith.
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If evolution is real how come things aren't evolving now?