What is the difference between positive ions and negative ions?

Hi there Okay, lets start with the Atom. An Atom is made of neutrons (that have no charge) protons (that have positive charge) and electrons (that have negative charge). Neutrons and protons are in the Kernel of the Atom. They make the Atom weight. Electrons are orbiting the kernel, they weigh almost nothing.

As the neutrons are no-charge, I will disregard them from now on.

Okay. This is the periodic table of elements: http://funadvice.com/r/169uo3eni7t This is the model of an atom: http://funadvice.com/r/169uo3enjj8

There are electron orbit-rings around an atom kernel. The first ring takes 2 electrons, the second takes 8 electrons, the third takes 8 electrons, the fourth takes 18…

The Elements in the right side of the table (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon) are extremely stable. Helium has 2 protons in the kernel and is therfore number 2 in the periodic table. If orbited by two electrons it has the first electron-orbit full. Neon has 10 protons, is number 10 in the table and has the first and the second ring full.

But now, we look at the adjacent elements. Element number 11 (Natrium) for example has got 11 protons in the kernel. It would be orbited by 11 electrons. But as it has a full first and second orbit and only one electron in the third orbit, it easily loses the third electron. With that, it becomes a kat-ion. Its overall charge is positive. It has got one more positive particle.

Now look at element number 17 (Chlorine) it has 17 protons in its kernel. It would normally be orbited by 17 electrons. But then it has two full orbits and its third orbit is almost full, except for one electron. Then chlorine “steals” electrons from other atoms. The atom is more stable with an extra electron. But then it has negative charge. Because it has an extra electron. Thus it becomes an an-ion, a negative ion because its overall charge is negative.

There: CL stole the electron from NA:

Very impressive

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Thank you, sir.

You are a good teacher

Wow, thank you!!

Thanks for stating the obvious. :P hahah(: